Scaling and root planing is a careful and thorough cleaning of the root surfaces in order to remove plaque and tartar from your gum pockets and to help smooth the tooth root to remove bacterial and help make it easier for your to keep your teeth clean at home. Sometimes after scaling and root planing, if good homecare is achieved, many patients do not require any further active treatment. However, the majority of patients will require ongoing maintenance therapy in order to maintain good oral health.